Several issues may affect the accuracy of data collected, such as those related to self-report and secondary data sources. The responsiveness of the measure to change is of interest in many of the applications in health care where improvement in outcomes as a result of treatment is a primary goal of research. Validity is the extent to which the interpretations of the results of a test are warranted, which depends on the particular use the test is intended to serve. Reliability estimates evaluate the stability of measures, internal consistency of measurement instruments, and interrater reliability of instrument scores. The process of developing and validating an instrument is in large part focused on reducing error in the measurement process. Key indicators of the quality of a measuring instrument are the reliability and validity of the measures. Issues related to the validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research are reviewed.
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